However, positive correlation was shown between phenolics content (e.g., pigmentation), the requirement for oxidation and the activity of catechol oxidase in relation to pea seed dormancy, while epicatechin levels showed a significant positive correlation with soybean hardseededness. The underlying genetic controls in legumes have not been identified yet. The dormancy release mechanism primarily involves seed responses to temperature changes in the habitat, resulting in testa permeability to water. Physical dormancy (often called hardseededness), as found in legumes, involves the development of a water-impermeable seed coat, caused by the presence of phenolics- and suberin-impregnated layers of palisade cells. Different seed dormancy classes exist among plant species. Moreover, legume seed imbibition has a crucial role in cooking properties. Germination is one of the common sets of traits recorded in different crops and termed the “domestication syndrome”. ![]() These domestication-triggered changes represent adaptations to cultivation and human harvesting. ![]() In contrast, crop seeds germinate as soon as they are imbibed usually at planting time. In the wild, many seeds exhibit dormancy and will only germinate after exposure to certain environmental conditions. It determines the beginning of plant growth in natural or agricultural ecosystems. Much of what has been learned in model plants holds true in other species, including the earliest land plants.read more read lessĪbstract: Timing of seed germination is one of the key steps in plant life cycles. Key unanswered questions center on the mechanism for auxin-directed transcriptional repression and the identity of additional determinants of auxin response specificity. Mechanisms to tune the response to different auxin levels are emerging, as are first insights into how this single hormone can trigger diverse responses. In addition, studies are beginning to identify direct targets of the auxin-responsive transcription factors that underlie auxin modulation of development. Recent investigations have focused on transcriptional responses to auxin, providing novel insight into the functions of the domains of key transcription regulators in responses to the hormonal cue and prominently implicating chromatin regulation in these responses. Based on our findings, we propose an integrative model to describe the molecular mechanisms of the early stages of ovule development.Ībstract: Auxin is arguably the most important signaling molecule in plants, and the last few decades have seen remarkable breakthroughs in understanding its production, transport, and perception. Furthermore, our results suggest that the auxin response factor MONOPTEROS (MP/ARF5) may directly bind ANT, CUC1 and CUC2 and promote their transcription. We show that expression of the CUC1 and CUC2 genes is required to redundantly regulate expression of PINFORMED1 (PIN1), which in turn is required for ovule primordia formation. We demonstrate here that CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1), CUC2 and AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) have additive effects on ovule primordia formation. ![]() Ovule numbers ultimately determine the number of seeds that develop, and thereby contribute to the final seed yield in crop plants. TL DR: It is demonstrated here that CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1), CUC2 and AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) have additive effects on ovule primordia formation, and an integrative model is proposed to describe the molecular mechanisms of the early stages of ovule development.Ībstract: Upon hormonal signaling, ovules develop as lateral organs from the placenta.
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